KOREAN LEVEL UP › Korean grammar › -하고
Korean Grammar “-하고”: Meaning and Usage (TOPIK 1)
How to attach it
This particle does not change: it attaches to every noun in the same way, whatever the last sound is.
| Korean | Meaning | With the particle | Romanization |
|---|---|---|---|
| 나라 | country | 나라하고 | narahago |
| 음식 | food | 음식하고 | eumsikago |
| 선물 | gift | 선물하고 | seonmulhago |
Explanation
주말에 친구하고 같이 영화를 봐요.
“-하고” means “and/with”: it links nouns or marks a companion in an action, and its form is the same after vowels and consonants. It often appears with “같이” (together). The sentence means “On weekends I watch movies together with my friend.” “에서” marks a place and “에게” marks a recipient, so neither fits here.
Pronouncing the example sentence
Example sentence: 주말에 친구하고 같이 영화를 봐요.
In natural speech, sounds link and shift across words. The table below reads each word separately, as it sounds when said on its own.
| Syllable | Letters (consonant + vowel + final) | Romanization |
|---|---|---|
| 주말에 | ||
| 주 | ㅈ+ㅜ | ju |
| 말 | ㅁ+ㅏ+ㄹ | [마] ma |
| 에 | ㅇ+ㅔ | [레] re |
| 친구하고 | ||
| 친 | ㅊ+ㅣ+ㄴ | chin |
| 구 | ㄱ+ㅜ | gu |
| 하 | ㅎ+ㅏ | ha |
| 고 | ㄱ+ㅗ | go |
| 같이 | ||
| 같 | ㄱ+ㅏ+ㅌ | [가] ga |
| 이 | ㅇ+ㅣ | [치] chi |
| 영화를 | ||
| 영 | ㅇ+ㅕ+ㅇ | yeong |
| 화 | ㅎ+ㅘ | hwa |
| 를 | ㄹ+ㅡ+ㄹ | reul |
| 봐요 | ||
| 봐 | ㅂ+ㅘ | bwa |
| 요 | ㅇ+ㅛ | yo |
A ㅇ at the start of a syllable is silent; at the end of a syllable it sounds like “ng”.
Sound changes in this phrase
- Linking: when a syllable ending in a consonant (patchim) is followed by a syllable that starts with a vowel, the consonant moves over to the next syllable. 말에 → [마레]
- Palatalization: a final ㄷ or ㅌ followed by 이 or 히 is pronounced ㅈ or ㅊ. 같이 → [가치]
Politeness level of the example
Ends in -요. The everyday polite style, and a safe choice with shop staff, colleagues, strangers and anyone older than you.
Words in the example sentence
These words from the TOPIK vocabulary lists appear in the phrase (shown in dictionary form).
| Korean | Part of speech | Meaning | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 같이 | adverb | together | TOPIK level 1 |
| 보다 | verb | to see, to watch | TOPIK level 1 |
Practice
Test yourself before you move on. Tap an answer.
Question 1 Choose the word that fits the blank: 주말에 친구____ 같이 영화를 봐요.
Show the answer
Answer: 주말에 친구하고 같이 영화를 봐요.
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