KOREAN LEVEL UP › Korean grammar › -에 의하면
Korean Grammar “-에 의하면”: Meaning and Usage (TOPIK 6)
How to attach it
This particle does not change: it attaches to every noun in the same way, whatever the last sound is.
| Korean | Meaning | With the particle | Romanization |
|---|---|---|---|
| 나라 | country | 나라에 의하면 | narae uihamyeon |
| 음식 | food | 음식에 의하면 | eumsige uihamyeon |
| 선물 | gift | 선물에 의하면 | seonmure uihamyeon |
Explanation
기상 예보에 의하면 내일은 전국에 비가 내린다고 합니다.
“-에 의하면” means “according to ~” and marks the source of information (forecast, survey, report); the sentence normally ends in a reported form such as “-다고 하다.” It is nearly the same as “-에 따르면.” The sentence means “According to the weather forecast, it will rain across the country tomorrow.” “-에 비하면” means “compared with ~” and is a comparison.
Pronouncing the example sentence
Example sentence: 기상 예보에 의하면 내일은 전국에 비가 내린다고 합니다.
In natural speech, sounds link and shift across words. The table below reads each word separately, as it sounds when said on its own.
| Syllable | Letters (consonant + vowel + final) | Romanization |
|---|---|---|
| 기상 | ||
| 기 | ㄱ+ㅣ | gi |
| 상 | ㅅ+ㅏ+ㅇ | sang |
| 예보에 | ||
| 예 | ㅇ+ㅖ | ye |
| 보 | ㅂ+ㅗ | bo |
| 에 | ㅇ+ㅔ | e |
| 의하면 | ||
| 의 | ㅇ+ㅢ | ui |
| 하 | ㅎ+ㅏ | ha |
| 면 | ㅁ+ㅕ+ㄴ | myeon |
| 내일은 | ||
| 내 | ㄴ+ㅐ | nae |
| 일 | ㅇ+ㅣ+ㄹ | [이] i |
| 은 | ㅇ+ㅡ+ㄴ | [른] reun |
| 전국에 | ||
| 전 | ㅈ+ㅓ+ㄴ | jeon |
| 국 | ㄱ+ㅜ+ㄱ | [구] gu |
| 에 | ㅇ+ㅔ | [게] ge |
| 비가 | ||
| 비 | ㅂ+ㅣ | bi |
| 가 | ㄱ+ㅏ | ga |
| 내린다고 | ||
| 내 | ㄴ+ㅐ | nae |
| 린 | ㄹ+ㅣ+ㄴ | rin |
| 다 | ㄷ+ㅏ | da |
| 고 | ㄱ+ㅗ | go |
| 합니다 | ||
| 합 | ㅎ+ㅏ+ㅂ | [함] ham |
| 니 | ㄴ+ㅣ | ni |
| 다 | ㄷ+ㅏ | da |
A ㅇ at the start of a syllable is silent; at the end of a syllable it sounds like “ng”.
Sound changes in this phrase
- Linking: when a syllable ending in a consonant (patchim) is followed by a syllable that starts with a vowel, the consonant moves over to the next syllable. 일은 → [이른]
- Nasalization: a final ㄱ, ㄷ or ㅂ becomes ㅇ, ㄴ or ㅁ before ㄴ or ㅁ (and a ㄹ after ㅁ or ㅇ becomes ㄴ). 합니 → [함니]
Politeness level of the example
Ends in -ㅂ니다 or -습니다. The most formal polite style, used for announcements, presentations, business and first meetings.
Words in the example sentence
These words from the TOPIK vocabulary lists appear in the phrase (shown in dictionary form).
| Korean | Part of speech | Meaning | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 기상 | noun | weather phenomena | TOPIK level 6 |
| 비 | noun | rain | TOPIK level 1 |
| 하다 | verb | to do | TOPIK level 1 |
Practice
Test yourself before you move on. Tap an answer.
Question 1 Choose the word that fits the blank: 기상 예보에 ____ 내일은 전국에 비가 내린다고 합니다.
Show the answer
Answer: 기상 예보에 의하면 내일은 전국에 비가 내린다고 합니다.
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